![]() 18, 19, 20 This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility of two experimental antibiotic releasing scaffolds, based on either type-I collagen or on PLGA, with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) for the potential clinical use in revascularization or regeneration procedures. ![]() 17 Metronidazole or ciprofloxacin releasing polydioxanone polymer nanofiber scaffolds were recently introduced for pulp regeneration. 8 In periodontics, they were found to be suitable for guided tissue regeneration. 16Īntibiotic containing scaffold materials were suggested for pulpal regeneration. for pulp capping purposes containing TGF-β1 to initiate tertiary dentin formation, 11 or as nanoparticles loaded with methylene blue to initiate photo-disinfecting action against Enterococcus faecalis. 15 PLGA was also used for growth factor or drug delivery, e.g. 14 Development of dentin/pulp-like tissues was observed after subcutaneous implantation of rabbit dental pulp stem cells in PLGA scaffolds. 12, 13 Collagen and PLGA scaffolds also showed the regenerative capacity of swine dental pulp stem cells after reimplantation into minipig teeth. 11 Cell seeded collagen scaffolds have been used in animals for in vivo pulp regeneration after pulpotomies, 12 and after pulpectomies, 13 demonstrating regeneration of pulp tissue with angio- and neurogenesis. Collagen scaffolds were shown to provide a suitable environment for pulp progenitor and adult stem cells with odontoblastic properties in vitro, 10 and adequate new tissue development with rare histologic inflammation in vivo. 8, 9Ĭollagen is a natural constituent of the dental pulp. For endodontic purposes, scaffolds must provide an adequate porosity and pore size to allow pulp stem or progenitor cells to migrate and/or organize within a three-dimensional structure, be capable to support cell organization, neuro-, angioor vasculogenesis and to provide necessary nutritional support. Synthetic scaffolds are PCL (polycaprolactone), 6 PEG (polyethyleneglycol), PLA (polylactic acid), 5 PGA (poly-glycolic acid), PLGA (poly-lacticco-glycolic acid), 7 or hydrogels. Examples of three-dimensional organic scaffolds include collagen, 3, 4, 5 glycosaminoglycan, fibrin, cell-sponge constructs or combinations thereof. To overcome some of the difficulties associated with an intracanal blood clot, the use of scaffold materials was suggested. While or immediately after setting, it is also difficult to seal with a coronal restoration. ![]() Moreover, it is a desirable substrate for microbes left behind in the root canal or reintroduced through reinfection from the oral cavity. Unfortunately, a blood clot is difficult to produce, unstable and therefore susceptible to breakdown. For the practitioner, the revascularization of immature necrotic teeth has become an alternative to apexification techniques.Ĭurrent techniques involve disinfecting irrigation, placement of calcium hydroxide or an antibiotic paste as a temporary medication, and the instigation of a blood clot within the root canal space to establish the revascularization. 1, 2 However, the treatment of teeth with immature roots and pulp necrosis presents significant difficulties for the dental clinician in regard to disinfection and filling of the wide root canal space and open apex. ![]() Root canal treatment is a highly successful procedure. ![]()
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